Amandla Avuselelekayo - Ukunika amandla ikusasa eliphephile

Amandla asenhliziyweni yenselela yesimo sezulu - futhi ukhiye kwikhambi.

I-chunk enkulu yamagesi abamba ukushisa abulawa umhlaba futhi aqhakaze ukushisa kwelanga kukhiqizwa ngokukhiqizwa kwamandla, ngokushisa amafutha okushisa ukukhiqiza ugesi nokushisa.

Ama-Fossil Fuels, njengamalahle, amafutha kanye negesi, anomthelela omkhulu kunabo bonke ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele, amaphesenti angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 okukhishwa kwegesi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaphesenti angama-90 awo wonke amaphesenti ka-carbon dioxide.

Isayensi icacile: Ukugwema imithelela emibi kakhulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphuma kudinga ukwehliswa cishe ngesigamu ngo-2030 futhi kufinyelele ku-net-zero ngo-2050.

Ukufeza lokhu, kudingeka siqede ukuthembela kwethu kumafutha ezinhlamvu futhi sitshale imali emithonjeni yamandla ehlanzekile, efinyeleleka, engabizi, eqhubekayo, ethembekile.

Imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo - etholakala ngobuningi esizungeze thina, enikezwe yilanga, umoya, amanzi, imfucuza, nokushisa okuvela emhlabathini - kugcwaliswa kancane amagesi abamba ukushisa noma ukungcola emoyeni.

Ama-Fossil Fuels asalandisa ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangama-80 okukhiqizwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, kepha imithombo yokuhlanza amandla iyathola indawo. Cishe amaphesenti angama-29 kagesi njengamanje avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo.

Nazi izizathu ezinhlanu zokuthi ukusheshisa ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuhlanzekile kuyindlela eya ePlanethi enempilo, ebonakalayo namuhla kanye nezizukulwane ezizayo.

1. Imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo yonke esisizungezile cishe amaphesenti angama-80 abantu bomhlaba wonke abahlala emazweni angenisene nama-fossil fuels ancike emazweni amaningi avela kwamanye amazwe, okubenza babe sengozini ye-geopolitical ukushaqeka nezinkinga. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo iyatholakala kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi amandla abo asazosetshenziswa ngokuphelele. I-International Renacter Energy Agency (iRena) ilinganisela ukuthi amaphesenti angama-90 omhlaba angathola amandla avuselelekayo ngo-2050. Ukuvuselelwa kunikeza indlela yokungenisa ezomnotho, ukuvumelanisa ukushintshwa kwamanani angenakulindeleka Amafutha omfula, ngenkathi eshayela ukukhula komnotho okubandakanyayo, imisebenzi emisha, kanye nokulwa nobuphofu.

2. Amandla avuselelekayo ashibhile amandla avuselelekayo empeleni kuyindlela eshibhile yamandla eshibhile ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba namuhla. Amanani entengo yobuchwepheshe obuvuselelekayo baphonsa ngokushesha. Izindleko zikagesi ezivela emandleni elanga zawa ngamaphesenti angama-85 phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020 Amanani entengo enza amandla avuselelekayo ahle kakhulu nxazonke - kufaka phakathi amazwe aphansi nangaphakathi nendawo, lapho izidingo eziningi zikagesi ezintsha zizovela khona. Ngezindleko eziwayo, kunethuba langempela lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla okusha okuzayo eminyakeni ezayo elizonikezwa yimithombo ephansi yekhabhon. Ugesi oshibhile ovela emithonjeni evuselelekayo unganikeza amaphesenti angama-65 okunikezwa kukagesi emhlabeni ngo-2030. Kungakwenza amaphesenti angama-90 omkhakha wamandla ngo-2050, ukusika ama-carbon nokusiza ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Yize izindleko zamandla kaLolar and Wind kulindeleke ukuthi zihlale ziphakeme ngo-2022 naku-2023 amazinga okuhamba phambili wezentengiso ngenxa yamanani entengo aphakeme aphezulu kanye namanani entengo ye-perper, kusho i-International Energy Agency ( Iea).

3. Amandla avuselelekayo anempilo ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), cishe amaphesenti angama-99 abantu emhlabeni aphefumula umoya odlula umkhawulo wekhwalithi yomoya futhi asongele impilo yabo, futhi angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyizigidi eziyi-13 emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yonyaka Izimbangela ezigwemekayo zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ukungcoliswa komoya. Amazinga angenampilo wezinkinga ezinhlambayo ezinhle kanye ne-nitrogen dioxide zivela ikakhulu ekuvuleni kwamafutha okugcwala. Ngo-2018, ukungcoliswa komoya okuvela kuma-fossil fuel kudale ama- $ 2.9 trillion kwezindleko zezempilo nezomnotho, cishe ama- $ 8 billion ngosuku. Ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla, efana nomoya kanye no-solar, ngaleyo ndlela kusiza ukubhekisisa hhayi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuphela kepha nokungcoliswa komoya nempilo.

4. Amandla avuselelekayo adala imisebenzi njalo amadola okutshalwa kwezimali ngokuvuselelwa kwakha amathuba amathathu amaningi kunasemboni wamafutha we-fossil. I-IEA ilinganisela ukuthi ukuguqukela ekukhuphukeni kweNet-Zero kuzoholela ekwandeni okuphelele kwemisebenzi yezemikhakha yamandla: kanti cishe imisebenzi eyisithupha ekwakhiweni kwamafutha okukhiqizwa ngo-2030, kuzokwakhiwa imisebenzi emisha eyizigidi eziyi-14 emandleni ahlanzekile, okuholela ekutholeni okuphelele kwemisebenzi eyizigidi eziyi-9. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimboni ezihlobene namandla zizodinga ezinye izisebenzi eziyi-16 zezigidi, ukuzothatha izindima ezintsha ekwenziweni kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nemishini esebenza kahle noma kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njenge-hydrogen. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingqikithi yemisebenzi engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-30 ingadalwa emandleni ahlanzekile, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuphansi bokuphuma ngo-2030. Ukuqinisekisa ukuguquka nje, ukubeka izidingo namalungelo abantu enhliziyweni yenguquko yamandla, kuzoba I-Paramoud ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi akekho osele ngemuva.

5. Amandla avuselelekayo enza umqondo wezomnotho mayelana no- $ 5.9 Trillion esetshenziselwa ukuxhasa imboni yamafutha e-2020, kufaka phakathi uxhaso olucacile, amakhefu wentela, kanye nomonakalo wezempilo kanye nokulimala kwezemvelo okwakungamanani entengo yemifula yama-fossil. Uma kuqhathaniswa, cishe ama- $ 4 trillion ngonyaka kudinga ukutshalwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuze kube ngu-2030 - kufaka phakathi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nengqalasizinda - ukuvumela ukuthi kufinyelelwe emazweni amaningi ngemali enezinsizakusebenza ezinomkhawulo, Futhi abaningi bazodinga ukwesekwa kwezezimali nangobuchwepheshe ukwenza ushintsho. Kepha ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla avuselelekayo kuzokhokha. Ukwehliswa kokungcoliswa kwezimongi kanye nemithelela yesimo sezulu kuphela kungasindisa umhlaba kuze kube yi- $ 4.2 Trillion ngonyaka ngo-2030.